modulo N sum

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• Primitive root modulo n — In modular arithmetic, a branch of number theory, a primitive root modulo n is any number g with the property that any number coprime to n is congruent to a power of g (mod n ). That is, if g is a primitive root (mod n ) and gcd( a , n ) = 1,… …   Wikipedia

• Kummer sum — In mathematics, Kummer sum is the name given to certain cubic Gauss sums for a prime modulus p , with p congruent to 1 modulo 3. They are named after Ernst Kummer, who made a conjecture about the statistical properties of their arguments, as… …   Wikipedia

• Exponential sum — In mathematics, an exponential sum may be a finite Fourier series (i.e. a trigonometric polynomial), or other finite sum formed using the exponential function, usually expressed by means of the function:e(x) = exp(2pi ix).Therefore a typical… …   Wikipedia

• Kloosterman sum — In mathematics, a Kloosterman sum is a particular kind of exponential sum. Let a , b , m be natural numbers. Then :K(a,b;m)=sum {0leq xleq m 1, gcd(x,m)=1 } e^{2pi i (ax+bx^*)/m},Here x* is the inverse of x modulo m . They are named for the Dutch …   Wikipedia

• Quadratic Gauss sum — For the general type of Gauss sums see Gaussian period, Gauss sumIn mathematics, quadratic Gauss sums are certain sums over exponential functions with quadratic argument. They are named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, who studied them… …   Wikipedia

• Gauss sum — In mathematics, a Gauss sum or Gaussian sum is a particular kind of finite sum of roots of unity, typically: G ( chi;, psi;) = Sigma; chi;( r ) psi;( r )where the sum is over elements r of some finite commutative ring R , psi;( r ) is a group… …   Wikipedia

• Character sum — In mathematics, a character sum is a sum of values of a Dirichlet character χ modulo N, taken over a given range of values of n. Such sums are basic in a number of questions, for example in the distribution of quadratic residues, and in… …   Wikipedia

• Multiplicative group of integers modulo n — In modular arithmetic the set of congruence classes relatively prime to the modulus n form a group under multiplication called the multiplicative group of integers modulo n. It is also called the group of primitive residue classes modulo n. In… …   Wikipedia

• Barycentric-sum problem — Combinatorial number theory deals with number theoretic problems which involve combinatorial ideas in their formulations or solutions. Paul Erdős is the main founder of this branch of number theory. Typical topics include covering system, zero… …   Wikipedia

• Jacobi sum — In mathematics, a Jacobi sum is a type of character sum formed with one or more Dirichlet characters. The simplest example would be for a Dirichlet character χ modulo a prime number p . Then take: J (χ) = Σ χ( a )χ(1 − a ) where the summation… …   Wikipedia

• Mathematics of CRC — Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is based on division in the ring of polynomials over the finite field GF(2) (the integers modulo 2), that is, the set of polynomials where each coefficient is either zero or one, and arithmetic operations wrap around …   Wikipedia